Basically you could do it with something like this:
git log --follow -p filename
However this will generally assume you have the whole history and all the metadata available locally; in other words you'd have to clone the repo. (Checking out something over the network really goes against the distributed philosophy).
I don't know how to do it the way you're asking. The closest thing I can find is to go on Github, click on a file then on the "history" tab. Assuming your project has a fork on github.