TIOBE's index is always very interesting, and a lot could (and will) be said about the unsurprising progress of both Javascript and Python (and maybe some people will mention the demise of Perl).
On the other hand, I skeptically question the methodology followed to create the index. From the website:
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The ratings are based on the number of skilled engineers world-wide, courses and third party vendors.
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The popular search engines Google, Bing, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube and Baidu are used to calculate the ratings.
This is insanely vague and could mean anything. I'm not necessarily talking about C# vs Java vs C++. It goes without saying that those languages are the most popular today (along the rest of the usual suspects: C, PHP, Python, Javascript, ...). However, one can wonder what the definition of "popularity" is when COBOL is in 32nd position, Fortran is in 23rd position and both fall behind
NXT-G, the programming language of Lego mindstorm (20th position)!!!
Also, C shell comes in 39th position vs bash 48th. I seriously doubt it's ahead of bash, or even KSH. As a matter of fact, the Unix community has long agreed that
C shell programming is inherently bad, and even the BSDs who are the only unices to still present it as default shell, focus on other shells for scripting. It is also not difficult to see that the large majority of "shell" repositories on github are bash.
It's cute to see ML and Tcl in the list, not to mention APL (guess the mainframe is more powerful now than Microsoft would want you to believe!), but I'm honestly surprised to see that Go, Clojure and Dart are missing.
Ultimately what I'm trying to say is that such an index is great for getting a general overview of the currently active programming languages. However do not be tied by specifics. It doesn't say anything about flames like Python vs Javascript or C vs C++, Java vs C# vs Obj-C, so on and so forth. Or maybe they explained their methodology somewhere on their website, but I seem to have missed it.